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John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the souce of all water supply be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
第一篇： 烧伤的急救
皮肤是身体不可缺少的一部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，作为一种屏障可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线的侵害。皮肤的功能是比较复杂的：它可以保暖或避暑，保护身体不至于散失过多水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因
你可能由于很多原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火等）、阳光、电和化学物品。
烧伤的种类
烧伤有三类：根据皮肤烧伤的层次有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最表层。这类烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就会好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最表层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需数周才能痊愈。例如眼严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烫伤。
三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油着火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤引起非常严重的伤害，受伤者必须去医院。
烧伤的特性
一度烧伤：
干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
二度烧伤：
粗糙、发红、肿胀
起水泡
表层渗液
及其疼痛
三度烧伤：
黑、白和焦炭色相间
肿胀，往往可以看到皮下组织
若损坏了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或许在创面四周有疼痛感
急救处理
1.除非衣服粘贴在衣服烧伤面上，否则用剪刀把它剪开。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2.马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，阻止疼痛变得无法忍受，还可以减轻/消除肿胀。）三度烧伤不可用冷水冲洗。
3.对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止，对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回一盆冷水中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复的做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4.轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口可能会感染。
5.用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这样会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6.如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，如果可能的话，要把手臂或腿脚抬到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7.如果属于二度或三度烧伤，立即把患者送去看医生或医院是至关重要的。
概括如下：
John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.
约翰·斯诺是19世纪伦敦著名的医生。他想找出霍乱的起因，以便战胜它。1854年霍乱爆发时，他开始收集信息。
He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.
他在一张地图上标出了所有死者的住处，他发现许多喝了水泵里的脏水的人都死了。
So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated. John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause
of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated
概括如下：
John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.
约翰·斯诺是19世纪伦敦著名的医生。他想找出霍乱的起因，以便战胜它。1854年霍乱爆发时，他开始收集信息。
He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.
他在一张地图上标出了所有死者的住处，他发现许多喝了水泵里的脏水的人都死了。
So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated. John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause
of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the souce of all water supply be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
第一篇： 烧伤的急救
皮肤是身体不可缺少的一部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，作为一种屏障可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线的侵害。皮肤的功能是比较复杂的：它可以保暖或避暑，保护身体不至于散失过多水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因
你可能由于很多原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火等）、阳光、电和化学物品。
烧伤的种类
烧伤有三类：根据皮肤烧伤的层次有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最表层。这类烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就会好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最表层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需数周才能痊愈。例如眼严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烫伤。
三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油着火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤引起非常严重的伤害，受伤者必须去医院。
烧伤的特性
一度烧伤：
干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
二度烧伤：
粗糙、发红、肿胀
起水泡
表层渗液
及其疼痛
三度烧伤：
黑、白和焦炭色相间
肿胀，往往可以看到皮下组织
若损坏了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或许在创面四周有疼痛感
急救处理
1.除非衣服粘贴在衣服烧伤面上，否则用剪刀把它剪开。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2.马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，阻止疼痛变得无法忍受，还可以减轻/消除肿胀。）三度烧伤不可用冷水冲洗。
3.对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止，对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回一盆冷水中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复的做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4.轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口可能会感染。
5.用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这样会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6.如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，如果可能的话，要把手臂或腿脚抬到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7.如果属于二度或三度烧伤，立即把患者送去看医生或医院是至关重要的。
概括如下：
John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.
约翰·斯诺是19世纪伦敦著名的医生。他想找出霍乱的起因，以便战胜它。1854年霍乱爆发时，他开始收集信息。
He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.
他在一张地图上标出了所有死者的住处，他发现许多喝了水泵里的脏水的人都死了。
So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated. John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause
of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated
概括如下：
John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.
约翰·斯诺是19世纪伦敦著名的医生。他想找出霍乱的起因，以便战胜它。1854年霍乱爆发时，他开始收集信息。
He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.
他在一张地图上标出了所有死者的住处，他发现许多喝了水泵里的脏水的人都死了。
So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated. John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the cause
of cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated
