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新人教版八年级物理下册期末试题
选择题(本题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分)
下列选项中对物理量的估测较接近事实的是( )
A.初中物理课本的长约为10cm
B.初中生跑完50米所用时间为9秒
C.一个鸡蛋的质量约为50g
D.初中生对地面的压力约为50N
2.水是一种资源，也是一种能源.古代劳动人民巧妙地利用水来开山采石;冬季，在白天给石头打一个洞，再往洞里灌满水并封实，待晚上降温，水结冰后石头就裂开了(冰的密度比水的小).下列有关说法正确的是( )
A.石头裂开后密度减小
B.石头裂开后密度增大
C.该 方法 利用水结冰后质量变大，体积增大而使石头裂开
D.该方法利用水结冰后质量不变，体积增大而使石头裂开
3.关于粒子和宇宙，下列说法正确的是( )
A.水和酒精混合后总体积变小，直接证明了分子间存在引力
B.摩擦起电是通过摩擦的方法创造 了电荷
C.卢瑟福根据实验建 立了原子的核式结构模型
D.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构，恒星是绝对不动的
4.下列事例中，不可以用静电知识解释的是( )
A.干燥的季节，夜晚脱毛衣时会冒“火花”
B.电工用的钢丝钳柄上套有橡胶套
C.电视机屏幕上经常吸附有很多灰尘
D.油罐车尾部有一条拖到地面上的铁链
5.用大小不变的水平力，拉木块在水平桌面上做匀速直线运动，如图所示.木块在运动过程中，下列说法正确的是( )
A.木块对桌面的压力和木块受到的重力是一对平衡力
B.绳对木块的拉力大于桌面对木块的摩擦力
C.绳对木块的拉力和木块对绳的拉力是一对平衡力
D.木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小保持不变
6.下列说法中正确的是( )
A.踢出去的 足球 ，能继续向前滚动，是因为足球受到的惯性的作用
B.物体不受力的作用时，一定保持静止状态
C.静止在书桌上的书所受重力与它对书桌的压力是一对平衡力
D.用桨向后划水，船就会向前运动，利用了力的作用是相互的
7.对下列四幅图情景描述错误的是( )
A.图甲中用电吹风向下吹漏斗中的乒兵球，球不掉落，表明气体压强与气体流速有关
B.图乙中纸片不掉落、杯中的水不流出，证明了大气压的存在
C.图丙中手提袋手柄宽大是为了减小对手的压强
D.图丁中鱼吐出的气泡在上升未露出水面前，水对气泡的压强变小，浮力不变
8.踢毽子是人们喜爱的一项体育活动。脚将毽子踢出后，下列说法正确的是( )
A.毽子飞行过程中受到重力和脚对它的踢力;
B.毽子向上运动过程中，受到平衡力
C.毽子能继续向上运动是由于毽子具有惯性;
D.由于惯性，毽子下落过程中会越来越快。
9. 分别由甲、乙两种物质组成的不同物体，其质量与体积的关系如图所示.分析图象可知错误的是( )
A.质量是30g的甲的体积为7.5cm3
B.两种物质的密度大小关系为ρ甲﹥ρ乙
C.两种物质的密度之比ρ甲：ρ乙为4：1
D.体积为40 cm3的乙的质量为20g
10.在自制简易密度的活动中，小明在一支平底试管内装入适量铁砂，然后先后放入装有甲、乙两种不同液体的烧杯里，如图所示，下列说法正确的是：( )
A.试管在甲液体中受到的浮力较大
B.试管在乙液体里排开的液体质量较小
C.乙烧杯中的液体密度比甲烧杯中的液体密度大
D.在甲液体中试管底部所受液体压力较大
11.有一未装满酸奶的瓶子如图，先正立在桌面上，然后在倒立在桌面上，则酸奶对容器底的作用情况是( )
A.压强增大，压力 减小 B.压强减小，压力减小
C.压强增大，压力增大 D.压强减小，压力增大
12.甲、乙两种物质的质量和体积关系如图所示，如分别用甲、乙两种物质制成体积相等的两实心物体a和b，放在水中静止后，则( )
A.a漂浮，a受浮力大于b B.b漂浮，b受浮力大于a
C.a 沉底，a受浮力大于b D.b沉底，b受浮力大于a
填空与作图题(共计29分)
13.在抗洪抢险中，解放军战士穿的救生背心，夹层里面填充的是泡沫塑料块，这是利用它的 ____小;汽车轮胎用橡胶做成，这是利用了橡胶的____ 好。
14.各种原子都有相似的结构，如图所示为原子结构模型，原子中心的原子核由____和中子构成，其周围有带__电荷的____绕核运动.
15.我国名酒五粮液素有“三杯下肚浑身爽，一滴沾唇满口香”的赞誉，曾经获得世博会两届金奖.有一种精品五粮液，它的包装盒上标明容量500mL，
(ρ酒=0.9×103 kg/m3)，则它所装酒的质量为____kg，将酒倒出一半以后，剩余酒的密度为___g/cm3;如果用此瓶装满水，则总质量比装满酒时多___kg.
16.如图A所示，在一端开口的玻璃管中倒入一半水然后再注入一半的酒精，将管口密封后翻转让水和酒精充分混合，可以观察到混合液的体积___(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)水和酒精的总体积，这一现象说明了____________。如图B所示，分别在热水和冷水中滴入相同的红墨水，可以看到_____水瓶中墨水扩散的快，这说明___ _ _跟温度有关。
用胶头滴管吸取化学药液时，先用手捏胶头排出里面的空气，松手后药液在____的作用下进入滴管;有些饮料瓶，其塑料盖的外缘有竖条纹，制作这些条纹的目的是____。
18.如图所示，用F=50N的力将质量为1kg、边长为10cm的物体紧压在竖直的墙壁上，若该物体匀速下滑，则该物体受到竖直墙壁的摩擦力是____N，该物体对竖直墙壁的压强是 ____Pa.(g取10 N/kg)
19.用酒精灯给烧瓶里的水加热，水沸腾后移去酒精灯，水立即停止沸腾.接着就将烧瓶倒立安放到如图所示的铁架台上，再用冷水浇，会观察到烧瓶内的水____，这个现象说明____________.
20.在玻璃瓶里装一些红色的水，取一根两端开口的细玻璃管，让玻璃管穿过橡皮塞插入水中，并从管子上端吹入部分气体，这样小明就制成了一个简易的多功能物理实验演示器.当把此装置从山脚带到山顶时，发现玻璃管内液面 ____(升高/降低/不变)，原因是大气压随高度的增大而 ____(升高/降低);取一吸管，靠近玻璃管口，通过吸管向右吹气，如图所示，发现玻璃管内液面上升，原因是____________。
21. 羽毛球 撞击球拍被弹回去，使羽毛球弹回去的力是由于球拍发生了_________而产生的，羽毛球撞击后方向改变，这说明________________________________。
22.我国的航母正按计划进行各项科研试验和训练，如 图所示，是中国航母训练时的图片。当停在航母上的飞机起飞离开航母后 ，航母受到的浮力将 ____(选填“增大”、“ 减小”或“不变”)，航母在海面上将 ____(选填“上浮”、“ 下沉”或“不变”)。.
23.(1)一物体静止在斜面上，请在图中作出物体受到的重力和对斜面的压力的示意图。
(2)图为小球静止在水中，请在图中画出小球受到的浮力.
三.实验题 (每空1分，共计21分)
24.根据图片完成填空
图a中，用鼻子嗅气味来鉴别酱油和醋说明分子在_____________________
图b中，验电器的原理是同种电荷相互_____________________
图c中，铁钉在石蜡上留下了深深的划痕，利用这种方法可以比较物质的_________
图d中，小华用力推小明，小华自己也将运动，说明_____________________
25.用以下器材：足够的待测液体，带砝码的托盘天平，一个空玻璃杯，足够的水，测量某液体的密度。请将以下实验步骤补充完整：
(1)用天平称出空玻璃杯的质量为150g;往玻璃杯中倒满水，用天平测出玻璃杯和水的总质量为200g，求出玻璃杯的容积为 cm3;
(2)将水全部倒出，再注满待测液体，待天平平衡后，右盘中的砝码和标尺上的游码如图所示，则待测液体的质量为 g;
(3)用密度公式计算出待测液体的密度为 kg/m3;
(4)在实验的 过程中，下列做法可能会引起实验误差的是
A.天平应该水平放置
B.天平使用前要调节平衡螺母使横梁平衡
C.先测盛满水的杯子总质量，倒出水后，再测空玻璃杯的质量
26.某同学为了参加中考体育考试，想测试一下橡胶底和牛筋底的运动鞋哪双摩擦力更大。
(1)如图甲所示，他首先用弹簧测力计水平拉动橡胶底运动鞋在水平桌面上做________运动，此时弹簧测力计的示数为______¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬__N，再利用____________知识得出拉力等于摩擦力。从而测出鞋底所受摩擦力的大小。
(2)他发现牛筋底的运动鞋较轻些，于是便向鞋中添加了适量的砝码，目的是_________
_________________________________________________。
(3)另一同学采用如图乙的方法测试两双运动鞋鞋底的摩擦力，她将鞋放在水平放置的木板上，将弹簧测力计固定，改为拉动木板，实验时___________(“需要”或“不需要”)匀速拉动木板，鞋所受到的摩擦力的方向为______________。
27.如图为小明“探究液体内部压强的特点”的实验过程图：
(1)小明首先用手指按了按探头的橡皮膜，发现U型管内液柱几乎无变化，其原因是 _ _，然后小 明重新调整好器材，继续实验;
(2)比较图A、图B、图C，得出结论： _;
(3)将图A中的探头逐渐下移，可观观察到U型管内液柱的高度差逐渐变大，得出结论：同种液体， ;
(4)向图B中的容器内加入一定量的浓盐水，为使探头在液体中的深度与加盐水前的深度相同，应将探头位置 (选填“上移”、“下移”或“不变”)，并且观察到U型管内液柱的高度差变大，可得出结论：同一深度， ;
(5)小明又想探究一下浮力大小与液体密度的关系，于是他找来了一个木块，分别放入了装有水和装有盐水的容器中，发现两次木块都漂浮在液面上，浮力都等于木块的重力，浮力相等，所以他得出结论：浮力大小与液体密度无关，他得出的结论是否正确? ，原因是 _ _ _.
四.综合计算题(共计14分)
28.一辆10t的汽车在水平路面匀速直线运动，已知汽车所受的阻力是汽车本身重力的0.02倍，g取10N/kg，求：
(1)汽车受的重力G;
(2)汽车的牵引力
29.如图所示，水平地面上放置有甲乙两个完全相同的质量均为200g的圆柱形容器，容器的底面积均为50cm2，甲中装有深为10cm的水，乙中装有深为12cm的酒精，(已知ρ水=1.0×103kg/m3;ρ酒精=0.8×103kg/m3，g取10N/kg)
求：(1)水对容器底的压强
(2)容器乙对地面的压强
30.如图所示，是小鹰同学测量某种液体密度的过程，请你裉据实验数据，求：
(1)小石块的质量;
(2)小石块的体积;
液体的密度.(g取10N/kg)
新人教版八年级物理下册期末试卷参考答案
选择题
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案 C D C B D D D C C C A C
填空与作图题
13. 密度 弹性
14. 质子 负 电子
15. 0.45 0.9 0.05
小于 分子间有空隙 热 分子 热运动快慢
大气压 增大摩擦
10 5000
重新沸腾 液体沸点随着气压的降低而降低
降低 降低 流体流速大的地方压强小
弹性形变 力可以改变物体的运动状态
减小 上浮
23. 图略
实验题
(1)永不停息做无规则运动 (2)排斥
硬度 (4)力的作用是相互的
(1)50 (2)41 (3)0.82*103 (4) C
(1)匀速直线 4.0 二力平衡 (2)控制两双鞋对地面的压力相同
不需要 水平向左
(1)漏气 (2)同种液体同一深度向各个方向的压强相等
深度越深，压强越大 (4) 上移 液体密度越大，压强越大
不正确 没有控制排开液体体积相同
综合计算
105N，2*103N
1000Pa,1360Pa
0.3kg,10-4m3,0.8*103kg/m3
有志者，事竟成;破釜沉舟，百二秦关终归楚;苦心人，天不负;卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。下面给大家带来一些关于 八年级 物理下册期末试卷及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
试题
一、选择题(每题3分，共48分)
1.(天津)滑块被固定在光滑斜面底端的压缩弹簧弹出。
滑块离开弹簧后沿斜面向上运动的过程中，不考虑空气阻力，图6关于滑块的受力示意图正确的是()
2.(吉林)小轩坐在船上，下列说法正确的是()
A、船前进时，小轩相对于船是运动的，
B、停止划桨时船会立即停止
C、用桨向后划水船会前行，说明物体间力的作用是相互的
D、小轩对船的压力和船对小轩的支持力是一对平衡力
3.(赤峰市)下列事例中，能避免惯性产生的危害的是()
A、离垃圾箱一段距离扔果核，果果核也能飞进垃圾箱
B、让磁体离铁屑有一段距离，也能把铁屑吸引过来
C、行驶的汽车离障碍物一段距离，就要提前刹车
D、运动员 跳远
4.(2011丽水)如图所示，甲、乙两物体在A、B两水平桌面上做匀速直线运动，可以确定()
A.甲的速度一定小于乙的速度
这篇关于初二下册英语期末试题及答案，是 特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！ Ⅰ. 词汇
根据句意及首字母提示,写出空白处所缺的单词｡
1. There is one child left a______in the room.
2. When the t______lights are red, you must stop and wait.
3. Look! It’s raining outside. You’d better put on your raincoat or take an u______ .
4. —It’s fine today.
—I think so. At l______it’s warm.
5. There were so many nice things here， so I couldn’t decide which one to c ______ as a birthday gift for my mom.
6. N______Li Lei nor Liu Mei is in the classroom now.
7. The old man q______likes collecting coins.
8. When did you r______from Australia?
9. Did you r______her letter the day before yesterday?
10. We must keep our classroom c______every day.
B) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空｡
1. We all know that France is a______(Europe) country.
2. There are different food cultures between China and______(west) countries.
3. Several______(Russia) came to our school last week.
4. “Excuse me, can I take this seat?” he said to the young woman______
(polite).
5. At______(one) I didn’t like him, but now I do.
6. I want to make______(friend) with you.
7. What are those______(child) doing over there?
8. Let’s listen to his______(suggest).
9. There are a lot of______(mouse) in the old house.
10. The young man fell______(sleep) as soon as he lay down.
C) 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空｡
take away, run out of, be interested in, in order to, more than, wait in line, at last, take care, put out, get annoyed
1. Mr Johnson______Beijing Opera very much.
2. You must______ when you go shopping.
3. When did the firemen______ the fire?
4. There are______ two hundred people present at the meeting.
5. We can’t buy that doll because we have______ money.
6. These shoes are dirty. Please______ them______.
7. I will______ when other people cut in line.
8.______ we finished the work on time.
9.______ not to break the glass on the table.
10.______ improve your English, you must study hard.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. Jack is sleeping. You should turn______ the music.
A. on B. low C. down D. little
2. The book fell______ the table onto the floor.
A. on B. of C. off D. over
3. —I can’t find the book______ from the library now.
—So you should______ it.
A. lent, return B. borrowed, buy
C. lent, buy D. borrowed, pay for
4. If you______ well______ English, you’ll easily find a job.
A. will do, at B. do, in
C. will do, in D. do, at
5. I can’t______ his name. Can you______ me of it again?
A. remember, remind B. forget, remind
C. remind, remind D. know, remember
6. —What did the mother say?
—She said they______ take her children______ her.
A. can’t, from B. couldn’t, away
C. didn’t, away D. couldn’t, away from
7. We have______ running for two hours. When shall we stop, sir?
A. been practising B. practise
C. practised D. practising
8. —Would you mind______ the window? It’s too cold here.
—OK. I’ll do it right away.
A. to open B. opening C. closing D. to close
9. When I was walking past the window, I saw Ben______ my homework. I really got______.
A. copying, annoy B. copying, annoyed
C. was copying, annoy D. is copying, annoyed
10. I don’t think they are too personal,______?
A. don’t I B. are they C. aren’t they D. do I
11. It’s just three days______ her grandma died.
A. since B. until C. before D. for
12. Li Fang said she was______ in the______ stories.
A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interesting
C. interested, interested D. interesting, interested
13. He has looked for it______, but he can’t find it______. How sad he is!
A. everywhere, everywhere B. anywhere, anywhere
C. everywhere, anywhere D. somewhere, anywhere
14. Who’s______ my dinner?There’s nothing left and I’m so hungry.
A. eating B. eaten C. been eating D. eats
15. There will be______ water and______ trees in our village. How can we live here?
A. little, fewer B. less, less
C. more, fewer D. less, fewer
Ⅲ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空填一词｡
1. 你认为我们的学校怎么样?
______do you_________ _________our school?
2. 我们学校至少有1,500名学生｡
______are_________ _________1，500 students in our school.
3. 昨天我们举办了家宴｡
Yesterday we________ _______ ________ _______.
4. 中国人对外国客人很友好｡
Chinese______ always__________ ________ foreign guests.
5. 如果你今天下午陪着我,明天我就跟你一起去｡
If you_________ ________ _______me this afternoon, I will go with you tomorrow.
Ⅳ. 完成对话将下列句子重新排序,使其成为一段意思通顺的对话｡
A. The story was very interesting, wasn’t it?
B. Yes, they are. If the people are friendly to them, the animals are also friendly to the people.
C. Did you watch TV last night?
D. I like watching it, too. The animals are very interesting, aren’t they?
E. Yes, I did.
F. I don’t think so. I’m afraid of fight thrillers. I like funny stories.
G. That’s true. I wish the animals and we will live in a harmonious world.
H. I don’t like funny stories. I like science. So I like to watch “Animal World”.
Ⅴ. 句型转换按括号内的要求改写下列句子｡每空填一词｡
1. They talked on and on until eleven last night.(改为同义句)
They_________ __________ __________ _______until eleven last night.
2. Go across the bridge, and you’ll see the hotel.(改为同义句)
______the______, and you’ll see the hotel.
3. You gave me much help. Thank you.(将两句合并成一句)
Thank you_________ _________me.
4. He told me， “I got to school at seven today.”(改为间接引语)
He said______ got to school at seven______ day.
5. I have taught English in this school for one year.(改为同义句)
I______ to teach English in this school______ year.
Ⅵ. 完形填空
It is well-known that the English go out with an umbrella or a raincoat. Why? 1 the weather in Britain often changes quickly. It is not very usual for the same kind of weather to 2 long.
Spring can be rainy or windy, 3 the weather is getting warmer, you can have more sunny days. In fact there 4 as much sunshine in spring as in summer. Summer is 5 time for visitors to go to the seaside and other places of interest(名胜). The weather can be sunny. People often go out to have a walk or swim. Autumn is a beautiful season, 6 trees and parks changing colors. During autumn it is still nice to be outside, too. In winter, it gets colder. It might snow, especially(尤其) on high land in the north. It is 7 very windy in this season.
January and February are the coldest 8 of the year, while the warmest 9 often July and August. The difference 10 temperature between winter and summer is not so great in Britain. The average(平均) temperature of winter is about 4.5℃, and summer is about 15.5℃.
1. A. For B. As C. Because D. Since
2. A. make B. stay C. change D. take
3. A. but B. and C. or D. for
4. A. can B. can be C. have D. can have
5. A. the earliest B. the latest C. the worst D. the best
6. A. with B. like C. without D. from
7. A. also B. too C. either D. as well
8. A. seasons B. weather C. months D. days
9. A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. A. for B. on C. by D. in
Ⅶ. 阅读理解
(A)
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children——like boys and girls who live abroad with their parents——seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
Our mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way there is much work to do before we can keep a picture forever(永远) in our mind. Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
1. We usually begin to learn our own language by______ it.
A. speaking B. hearing C. saying D. teaching
2. If you have a good______, you’ll have less difficulty in learning something.
A. teacher B. camera C. memory D. family
3. The children who live abroad with their parents can learn two languages more easily because______.
A. they are very clever
B. they have good teachers
C. they have more chances to use these languages
D. they have a better life
4.______ can take photos of what can be seen, felt, heard, smelt and tasted.
A. A camera B. Memory C. A diary D. A man’s mind
5. Memory is______ that we keep in our mind and carry about with us.
A. the best diary B. the best camera
C. a great help D. a beautiful picture
(B)
Peter lived in a small town near London. He always traveled to London for his holiday. But last year he thought, “I’ve never been to (1) countries. All my friends have been to Spain, Spain first.”
He flew to Spain and stayed in a hotel for a night. The next morning he went out for a walk. In England people drive on the left, but in Spain people drive on the right. Peter was surprised to see that, but in no time, he forgot where he was. When he was crossing the street, a bike knocked him down(2).
Peter lay on the ground for a few minutes, and when he came back to life(3), he asked， “Where am I?” An old man was selling maps at the side of the street, and he at once ran to Peter and said, “Map of city, sir?”
根据短文内容完成下面的任务:
1. 在划线(1)处填上一个适当的单词:______
2. 在短文中找出符合下列英文释义的单词｡
(1)______ to go from place to place
(2)______ a day or time of rest from work
(3)______ not ever; not at any time
(4)______ go to see sb or a place
3. 从短文中找出right away的同义词组:
(1)______(2)______
4. 写出短文中划线(2)和(3)两处句子的汉语意思:
(2)______
(3)______
5. 在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句子:
In Spain people drive on the______, but in England people drive on the______.
6. 根据短文内容回答下列问题｡
(1) How did Peter go to Spain?
(2) How long did Peter lie on the ground?
7. 根据短文内容选择正确答案｡
(1) Peter was______.
A. an Englishman B. a Frenchman
C. a German D. an American
(2) Peter was knocked down by a bike because______.
A. he knew nothing about the traffic rules in Spain
B. he was too old to cross the road
C. he thought he was still in his own country
D. the man rode the bike too fast
(3) The old man ran to Peter quickly because______.
A. he wanted to help Peter
B. he thought Peter had died
C. he had knocked Peter down
D. he wanted to sell his map
Ⅷ. 书面表达
假设你是John,你的网友George 在给你的e-mail中告诉你,他非常喜欢上网,而他父母认为中学生上网不是一件好事,不让他上网｡他很气愤｡请你根据以下提示,给他回一封e-mail, 劝慰他,并告诉他你对上网的看法｡
提示词语:get annoyed with, worry about,
surf the Internet, learn from,
on a line, Would you mind not...? hope
Key:
Ⅰ. A) 1. alone2. traffic3. umbrella4. least5. choose
6. Neither7. quite8. return9. receive10. clean
B) 1. European2. western3. Russians4. politely5. first
6. friends7. children8. suggestion9. mice10. asleep
C) 1. is interested in2. wait in line3. put out4. more than
5. run out of6. take, away7. get annoyed8. At last
9. Take care10. In order to
Ⅱ. 1-5 CCDBA6-10 DACBB11-15 ABCBD
Ⅲ. 1. What, think, of2. There, at, least3. had, a, family, dinner
4. are, friendly, to5. come, along, with
Ⅳ. CEAFHDBG
Ⅴ. 1. did, not, stop, talking2. Cross, bridge3. for, helping
4. he, this5. began, last
Ⅵ. 1-5 CBBBD6-10 AACBD
Ⅶ. A) 1-5 BCCDA
B) 1. foreign
2. (1) travel (2) holiday (3) never (4) visit
3. (1) at once (2) in no time
4. (2) 当他穿过大街的时候,一辆自行车把他撞倒了｡
(3) 当他苏醒过来的时候
5. right, left
6. (1) He went to Spain by plane / air.
(2) He lay on the ground for a few minutes.
7. (1) A (2) C (3) D
Ⅷ. One possible version:
Dear George,
You said you were unhappy. I’m very sorry to hear that. Don’t get annoyed with your parents. They are only worried about you.
I also like surfing the Internet. Is it a good thing or a bad thing? I think that depends on us ourselves. If we can learn from each other and learn some knowledge on the line, it is a good thing. So, would you mind not playing games or surfing too much on a line?
I hope you are happy and study well.
Yours,
John
1、假设A在第一象限。
解方程组y=kx与y=1/x，可得x（A）＝根号下（1/k），y（A）＝根号下k；x（C）＝-根号下（1/k），y（C）＝根号下k。
三角形ABC可以分成两个三角形：OAB和OBC，两个三角形面积都是1/2，很容易看出来。当然我们也可以通过计算获得：
比如，三角形OAB的面积＝1/2*OB*AB＝1/2*x（A）*y（A）＝1/2*根号下（1/k）*根号下k＝1/2。
三角形OBC也一样，底边OB长度也等于A的横坐标，高则是C的纵坐标的绝对值，同样可得面积为1/2。
因此，三角形ABC的面积＝1/2+1/2＝1。
2、设a>b，则a-b=120，
设最大公约数是k，并且a=mk,b=nk，
则(m-n)k=120--式1
另外，ab的最小公倍数[a,b]＝mnk，最大公约数(a,b)＝k
因此，mnk/k＝105，即
mn=105=3*5*7
下面将m、n的不同取值代入式1，看是否成立。
n＝1时，m=3*5*7，但3*5*7-1不能整除120，因此式1不成立。
n＝7时，m=3*5=15，3*5-7=8能整除120
n=5时，3*7-5=16不能整除120
n＝3时，5*7-3=32不能整除120
所以,m=3*5=15,n=7
k=120/(m-n)=120/8=15
a=mk=15*15=225
b=nk=7*15=105
所以，较大的数是225 。 1.那么假设A的坐标是(x1,y1）,C的坐标是（x2,y2）
满足式子：y1=kx1；y1=1/x1；y2=kx2；y2=1/x2
我们可以得到：kx1=1/x1 kx1*x1=1 kx2=1/x2 kx2*x2=1
三角形ABC的面积=三角形OAB的面积加上三角形OBC的面积
三角形OAB的面积=底*高/2=A的纵坐标的绝对值*(A的横坐标的绝对值)/2=x1*y1/2=kx1*x1/2=1/2
三角形OBC的面积=底*高/2=C的纵坐标的绝对值*(C的横坐标的绝对值)/2
=x2*y2/2=kx2*x2/2=1/2
所以三角形ABC的面积为1。
2.这里先把问题进行简化 不妨设a>b
我们从题意中可以得到：因为ab=最小公倍数*最大公约数
所以ab可被105整除 先证明a,b均可被3整除
否则的话a，b均不可被3整除，那么其最小公倍数也不可被3整除，与它们的最小公倍数是其最大公约数的105倍可被3整除矛盾，所以a,b均可被3整除 ；同理可以证明a,b均可被5整除。那么此时的问题就简化为
a=15x b=15y 120=a-b=15*（x-y）
a,b的最大公约数=x,y的最大公约数*15
a,b的最小公倍数=x,y的最小公倍数*15
问题变为：已知正整数x,y之差为8，它们的最小公倍数是其最大公约数的105倍，那么x,y中较大的数是
从这里我们容易看出x=7 y=15;从而有原先的a=225,b=105.
心态要好，保持冷静，基础打好，莫要烦躁，开开心心，早睡早起，精神十足，实现梦想，相信自己，一定最好。我整理了关于新人教版 八年级 物理下册期末试卷，希望对大家有帮助!
新人教版八年级物理下册期末试题
选择题(本题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分)
下列选项中对物理量的估测较接近事实的是( )
A.初中物理课本的长约为10cm
B.初中生跑完50米所用时间为9秒
C.一个鸡蛋的质量约为50g
D.初中生对地面的压力约为50N
2.水是一种资源，也是一种能源.古代劳动人民巧妙地利用水来开山采石;冬季，在白天给石头打一个洞，再往洞里灌满水并封实，待晚上降温，水结冰后石头就裂开了(冰的密度比水的小).下列有关说法正确的是( )
A.石头裂开后密度减小
B.石头裂开后密度增大
C.该 方法 利用水结冰后质量变大，体积增大而使石头裂开
D.该方法利用水结冰后质量不变，体积增大而使石头裂开
3.关于粒子和宇宙，下列说法正确的是( )
A.水和酒精混合后总体积变小，直接证明了分子间存在引力
B.摩擦起电是通过摩擦的方法创造 了电荷
C.卢瑟福根据实验建 立了原子的核式结构模型
D.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构，恒星是绝对不动的
4.下列事例中，不可以用静电知识解释的是( )
A.干燥的季节，夜晚脱毛衣时会冒“火花”
B.电工用的钢丝钳柄上套有橡胶套
C.电视机屏幕上经常吸附有很多灰尘
D.油罐车尾部有一条拖到地面上的铁链
5.用大小不变的水平力，拉木块在水平桌面上做匀速直线运动，如图所示.木块在运动过程中，下列说法正确的是( )
A.木块对桌面的压力和木块受到的重力是一对平衡力
B.绳对木块的拉力大于桌面对木块的摩擦力
C.绳对木块的拉力和木块对绳的拉力是一对平衡力
D.木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小保持不变
6.下列说法中正确的是( )
A.踢出去的 足球 ，能继续向前滚动，是因为足球受到的惯性的作用
B.物体不受力的作用时，一定保持静止状态
C.静止在书桌上的书所受重力与它对书桌的压力是一对平衡力
D.用桨向后划水，船就会向前运动，利用了力的作用是相互的
7.对下列四幅图情景描述错误的是( )
A.图甲中用电吹风向下吹漏斗中的乒兵球，球不掉落，表明气体压强与气体流速有关
B.图乙中纸片不掉落、杯中的水不流出，证明了大气压的存在
C.图丙中手提袋手柄宽大是为了减小对手的压强
D.图丁中鱼吐出的气泡在上升未露出水面前，水对气泡的压强变小，浮力不变
8.踢毽子是人们喜爱的一项体育活动。脚将毽子踢出后，下列说法正确的是( )
A.毽子飞行过程中受到重力和脚对它的踢力;
B.毽子向上运动过程中，受到平衡力
C.毽子能继续向上运动是由于毽子具有惯性;
D.由于惯性，毽子下落过程中会越来越快。
9. 分别由甲、乙两种物质组成的不同物体，其质量与体积的关系如图所示.分析图象可知错误的是( )
A.质量是30g的甲的体积为7.5cm3
B.两种物质的密度大小关系为ρ甲﹥ρ乙
C.两种物质的密度之比ρ甲：ρ乙为4：1
D.体积为40 cm3的乙的质量为20g
10.在自制简易密度的活动中，小明在一支平底试管内装入适量铁砂，然后先后放入装有甲、乙两种不同液体的烧杯里，如图所示，下列说法正确的是：( )
A.试管在甲液体中受到的浮力较大
B.试管在乙液体里排开的液体质量较小
C.乙烧杯中的液体密度比甲烧杯中的液体密度大
D.在甲液体中试管底部所受液体压力较大
11.有一未装满酸奶的瓶子如图，先正立在桌面上，然后在倒立在桌面上，则酸奶对容器底的作用情况是( )
A.压强增大，压力 减小 B.压强减小，压力减小
C.压强增大，压力增大 D.压强减小，压力增大
12.甲、乙两种物质的质量和体积关系如图所示，如分别用甲、乙两种物质制成体积相等的两实心物体a和b，放在水中静止后，则( )
A.a漂浮，a受浮力大于b B.b漂浮，b受浮力大于a
C.a 沉底，a受浮力大于b D.b沉底，b受浮力大于a
填空与作图题(共计29分)
13.在抗洪抢险中，解放军战士穿的救生背心，夹层里面填充的是泡沫塑料块，这是利用它的 ____小;汽车轮胎用橡胶做成，这是利用了橡胶的____ 好。
14.各种原子都有相似的结构，如图所示为原子结构模型，原子中心的原子核由____和中子构成，其周围有带__电荷的____绕核运动.
15.我国名酒五粮液素有“三杯下肚浑身爽，一滴沾唇满口香”的赞誉，曾经获得世博会两届金奖.有一种精品五粮液，它的包装盒上标明容量500mL，
(ρ酒=0.9×103 kg/m3)，则它所装酒的质量为____kg，将酒倒出一半以后，剩余酒的密度为___g/cm3;如果用此瓶装满水，则总质量比装满酒时多___kg.
16.如图A所示，在一端开口的玻璃管中倒入一半水然后再注入一半的酒精，将管口密封后翻转让水和酒精充分混合，可以观察到混合液的体积___(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)水和酒精的总体积，这一现象说明了____________。如图B所示，分别在热水和冷水中滴入相同的红墨水，可以看到_____水瓶中墨水扩散的快，这说明___ _ _跟温度有关。
用胶头滴管吸取化学药液时，先用手捏胶头排出里面的空气，松手后药液在____的作用下进入滴管;有些饮料瓶，其塑料盖的外缘有竖条纹，制作这些条纹的目的是____。
18.如图所示，用F=50N的力将质量为1kg、边长为10cm的物体紧压在竖直的墙壁上，若该物体匀速下滑，则该物体受到竖直墙壁的摩擦力是____N，该物体对竖直墙壁的压强是 ____Pa.(g取10 N/kg)
19.用酒精灯给烧瓶里的水加热，水沸腾后移去酒精灯，水立即停止沸腾.接着就将烧瓶倒立安放到如图所示的铁架台上，再用冷水浇，会观察到烧瓶内的水____，这个现象说明____________.
20.在玻璃瓶里装一些红色的水，取一根两端开口的细玻璃管，让玻璃管穿过橡皮塞插入水中，并从管子上端吹入部分气体，这样小明就制成了一个简易的多功能物理实验演示器.当把此装置从山脚带到山顶时，发现玻璃管内液面 ____(升高/降低/不变)，原因是大气压随高度的增大而 ____(升高/降低);取一吸管，靠近玻璃管口，通过吸管向右吹气，如图所示，发现玻璃管内液面上升，原因是____________。
21. 羽毛球 撞击球拍被弹回去，使羽毛球弹回去的力是由于球拍发生了_________而产生的，羽毛球撞击后方向改变，这说明________________________________。
22.我国的航母正按计划进行各项科研试验和训练，如 图所示，是中国航母训练时的图片。当停在航母上的飞机起飞离开航母后 ，航母受到的浮力将 ____(选填“增大”、“ 减小”或“不变”)，航母在海面上将 ____(选填“上浮”、“ 下沉”或“不变”)。.
23.(1)一物体静止在斜面上，请在图中作出物体受到的重力和对斜面的压力的示意图。
(2)图为小球静止在水中，请在图中画出小球受到的浮力.
三.实验题 (每空1分，共计21分)
24.根据图片完成填空
图a中，用鼻子嗅气味来鉴别酱油和醋说明分子在_____________________
图b中，验电器的原理是同种电荷相互_____________________
图c中，铁钉在石蜡上留下了深深的划痕，利用这种方法可以比较物质的_________
图d中，小华用力推小明，小华自己也将运动，说明_____________________
25.用以下器材：足够的待测液体，带砝码的托盘天平，一个空玻璃杯，足够的水，测量某液体的密度。请将以下实验步骤补充完整：
(1)用天平称出空玻璃杯的质量为150g;往玻璃杯中倒满水，用天平测出玻璃杯和水的总质量为200g，求出玻璃杯的容积为 cm3;
(2)将水全部倒出，再注满待测液体，待天平平衡后，右盘中的砝码和标尺上的游码如图所示，则待测液体的质量为 g;
(3)用密度公式计算出待测液体的密度为 kg/m3;
(4)在实验的 过程中，下列做法可能会引起实验误差的是
A.天平应该水平放置
B.天平使用前要调节平衡螺母使横梁平衡
C.先测盛满水的杯子总质量，倒出水后，再测空玻璃杯的质量
26.某同学为了参加中考体育考试，想测试一下橡胶底和牛筋底的运动鞋哪双摩擦力更大。
(1)如图甲所示，他首先用弹簧测力计水平拉动橡胶底运动鞋在水平桌面上做________运动，此时弹簧测力计的示数为______¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬__N，再利用____________知识得出拉力等于摩擦力。从而测出鞋底所受摩擦力的大小。
(2)他发现牛筋底的运动鞋较轻些，于是便向鞋中添加了适量的砝码，目的是_________
_________________________________________________。
(3)另一同学采用如图乙的方法测试两双运动鞋鞋底的摩擦力，她将鞋放在水平放置的木板上，将弹簧测力计固定，改为拉动木板，实验时___________(“需要”或“不需要”)匀速拉动木板，鞋所受到的摩擦力的方向为______________。
27.如图为小明“探究液体内部压强的特点”的实验过程图：
(1)小明首先用手指按了按探头的橡皮膜，发现U型管内液柱几乎无变化，其原因是 _ _，然后小 明重新调整好器材，继续实验;
(2)比较图A、图B、图C，得出结论： _;
(3)将图A中的探头逐渐下移，可观观察到U型管内液柱的高度差逐渐变大，得出结论：同种液体， ;
(4)向图B中的容器内加入一定量的浓盐水，为使探头在液体中的深度与加盐水前的深度相同，应将探头位置 (选填“上移”、“下移”或“不变”)，并且观察到U型管内液柱的高度差变大，可得出结论：同一深度， ;
(5)小明又想探究一下浮力大小与液体密度的关系，于是他找来了一个木块，分别放入了装有水和装有盐水的容器中，发现两次木块都漂浮在液面上，浮力都等于木块的重力，浮力相等，所以他得出结论：浮力大小与液体密度无关，他得出的结论是否正确? ，原因是 _ _ _.
四.综合计算题(共计14分)
28.一辆10t的汽车在水平路面匀速直线运动，已知汽车所受的阻力是汽车本身重力的0.02倍，g取10N/kg，求：
(1)汽车受的重力G;
(2)汽车的牵引力
29.如图所示，水平地面上放置有甲乙两个完全相同的质量均为200g的圆柱形容器，容器的底面积均为50cm2，甲中装有深为10cm的水，乙中装有深为12cm的酒精，(已知ρ水=1.0×103kg/m3;ρ酒精=0.8×103kg/m3，g取10N/kg)
求：(1)水对容器底的压强
(2)容器乙对地面的压强
30.如图所示，是小鹰同学测量某种液体密度的过程，请你裉据实验数据，求：
(1)小石块的质量;
(2)小石块的体积;
液体的密度.(g取10N/kg)
新人教版八年级物理下册期末试卷参考答案
选择题
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案 C D C B D D D C C C A C
填空与作图题
13. 密度 弹性
14. 质子 负 电子
15. 0.45 0.9 0.05
小于 分子间有空隙 热 分子 热运动快慢
大气压 增大摩擦
10 5000
重新沸腾 液体沸点随着气压的降低而降低
降低 降低 流体流速大的地方压强小
弹性形变 力可以改变物体的运动状态
减小 上浮
23. 图略
实验题
(1)永不停息做无规则运动 (2)排斥
硬度 (4)力的作用是相互的
(1)50 (2)41 (3)0.82*103 (4) C
(1)匀速直线 4.0 二力平衡 (2)控制两双鞋对地面的压力相同
不需要 水平向左
(1)漏气 (2)同种液体同一深度向各个方向的压强相等
深度越深，压强越大 (4) 上移 液体密度越大，压强越大
不正确 没有控制排开液体体积相同
综合计算
105N，2*103N
1000Pa,1360Pa
0.3kg,10-4m3,0.8*103kg/m3
有志者，事竟成;破釜沉舟，百二秦关终归楚;苦心人，天不负;卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。下面给大家带来一些关于 八年级 物理下册期末试卷及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
试题
一、选择题(每题3分，共48分)
1.(天津)滑块被固定在光滑斜面底端的压缩弹簧弹出。
滑块离开弹簧后沿斜面向上运动的过程中，不考虑空气阻力，图6关于滑块的受力示意图正确的是()
2.(吉林)小轩坐在船上，下列说法正确的是()
A、船前进时，小轩相对于船是运动的，
B、停止划桨时船会立即停止
C、用桨向后划水船会前行，说明物体间力的作用是相互的
D、小轩对船的压力和船对小轩的支持力是一对平衡力
3.(赤峰市)下列事例中，能避免惯性产生的危害的是()
A、离垃圾箱一段距离扔果核，果果核也能飞进垃圾箱
B、让磁体离铁屑有一段距离，也能把铁屑吸引过来
C、行驶的汽车离障碍物一段距离，就要提前刹车
D、运动员 跳远
4.(2011丽水)如图所示，甲、乙两物体在A、B两水平桌面上做匀速直线运动，可以确定()
A.甲的速度一定小于乙的速度
这篇关于初二下册英语期末试题及答案，是 特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！ Ⅰ. 词汇
根据句意及首字母提示,写出空白处所缺的单词｡
1. There is one child left a______in the room.
2. When the t______lights are red, you must stop and wait.
3. Look! It’s raining outside. You’d better put on your raincoat or take an u______ .
4. —It’s fine today.
—I think so. At l______it’s warm.
5. There were so many nice things here， so I couldn’t decide which one to c ______ as a birthday gift for my mom.
6. N______Li Lei nor Liu Mei is in the classroom now.
7. The old man q______likes collecting coins.
8. When did you r______from Australia?
9. Did you r______her letter the day before yesterday?
10. We must keep our classroom c______every day.
B) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空｡
1. We all know that France is a______(Europe) country.
2. There are different food cultures between China and______(west) countries.
3. Several______(Russia) came to our school last week.
4. “Excuse me, can I take this seat?” he said to the young woman______
(polite).
5. At______(one) I didn’t like him, but now I do.
6. I want to make______(friend) with you.
7. What are those______(child) doing over there?
8. Let’s listen to his______(suggest).
9. There are a lot of______(mouse) in the old house.
10. The young man fell______(sleep) as soon as he lay down.
C) 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空｡
take away, run out of, be interested in, in order to, more than, wait in line, at last, take care, put out, get annoyed
1. Mr Johnson______Beijing Opera very much.
2. You must______ when you go shopping.
3. When did the firemen______ the fire?
4. There are______ two hundred people present at the meeting.
5. We can’t buy that doll because we have______ money.
6. These shoes are dirty. Please______ them______.
7. I will______ when other people cut in line.
8.______ we finished the work on time.
9.______ not to break the glass on the table.
10.______ improve your English, you must study hard.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. Jack is sleeping. You should turn______ the music.
A. on B. low C. down D. little
2. The book fell______ the table onto the floor.
A. on B. of C. off D. over
3. —I can’t find the book______ from the library now.
—So you should______ it.
A. lent, return B. borrowed, buy
C. lent, buy D. borrowed, pay for
4. If you______ well______ English, you’ll easily find a job.
A. will do, at B. do, in
C. will do, in D. do, at
5. I can’t______ his name. Can you______ me of it again?
A. remember, remind B. forget, remind
C. remind, remind D. know, remember
6. —What did the mother say?
—She said they______ take her children______ her.
A. can’t, from B. couldn’t, away
C. didn’t, away D. couldn’t, away from
7. We have______ running for two hours. When shall we stop, sir?
A. been practising B. practise
C. practised D. practising
8. —Would you mind______ the window? It’s too cold here.
—OK. I’ll do it right away.
A. to open B. opening C. closing D. to close
9. When I was walking past the window, I saw Ben______ my homework. I really got______.
A. copying, annoy B. copying, annoyed
C. was copying, annoy D. is copying, annoyed
10. I don’t think they are too personal,______?
A. don’t I B. are they C. aren’t they D. do I
11. It’s just three days______ her grandma died.
A. since B. until C. before D. for
12. Li Fang said she was______ in the______ stories.
A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interesting
C. interested, interested D. interesting, interested
13. He has looked for it______, but he can’t find it______. How sad he is!
A. everywhere, everywhere B. anywhere, anywhere
C. everywhere, anywhere D. somewhere, anywhere
14. Who’s______ my dinner?There’s nothing left and I’m so hungry.
A. eating B. eaten C. been eating D. eats
15. There will be______ water and______ trees in our village. How can we live here?
A. little, fewer B. less, less
C. more, fewer D. less, fewer
Ⅲ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空填一词｡
1. 你认为我们的学校怎么样?
______do you_________ _________our school?
2. 我们学校至少有1,500名学生｡
______are_________ _________1，500 students in our school.
3. 昨天我们举办了家宴｡
Yesterday we________ _______ ________ _______.
4. 中国人对外国客人很友好｡
Chinese______ always__________ ________ foreign guests.
5. 如果你今天下午陪着我,明天我就跟你一起去｡
If you_________ ________ _______me this afternoon, I will go with you tomorrow.
Ⅳ. 完成对话将下列句子重新排序,使其成为一段意思通顺的对话｡
A. The story was very interesting, wasn’t it?
B. Yes, they are. If the people are friendly to them, the animals are also friendly to the people.
C. Did you watch TV last night?
D. I like watching it, too. The animals are very interesting, aren’t they?
E. Yes, I did.
F. I don’t think so. I’m afraid of fight thrillers. I like funny stories.
G. That’s true. I wish the animals and we will live in a harmonious world.
H. I don’t like funny stories. I like science. So I like to watch “Animal World”.
Ⅴ. 句型转换按括号内的要求改写下列句子｡每空填一词｡
1. They talked on and on until eleven last night.(改为同义句)
They_________ __________ __________ _______until eleven last night.
2. Go across the bridge, and you’ll see the hotel.(改为同义句)
______the______, and you’ll see the hotel.
3. You gave me much help. Thank you.(将两句合并成一句)
Thank you_________ _________me.
4. He told me， “I got to school at seven today.”(改为间接引语)
He said______ got to school at seven______ day.
5. I have taught English in this school for one year.(改为同义句)
I______ to teach English in this school______ year.
Ⅵ. 完形填空
It is well-known that the English go out with an umbrella or a raincoat. Why? 1 the weather in Britain often changes quickly. It is not very usual for the same kind of weather to 2 long.
Spring can be rainy or windy, 3 the weather is getting warmer, you can have more sunny days. In fact there 4 as much sunshine in spring as in summer. Summer is 5 time for visitors to go to the seaside and other places of interest(名胜). The weather can be sunny. People often go out to have a walk or swim. Autumn is a beautiful season, 6 trees and parks changing colors. During autumn it is still nice to be outside, too. In winter, it gets colder. It might snow, especially(尤其) on high land in the north. It is 7 very windy in this season.
January and February are the coldest 8 of the year, while the warmest 9 often July and August. The difference 10 temperature between winter and summer is not so great in Britain. The average(平均) temperature of winter is about 4.5℃, and summer is about 15.5℃.
1. A. For B. As C. Because D. Since
2. A. make B. stay C. change D. take
3. A. but B. and C. or D. for
4. A. can B. can be C. have D. can have
5. A. the earliest B. the latest C. the worst D. the best
6. A. with B. like C. without D. from
7. A. also B. too C. either D. as well
8. A. seasons B. weather C. months D. days
9. A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. A. for B. on C. by D. in
Ⅶ. 阅读理解
(A)
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children——like boys and girls who live abroad with their parents——seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
Our mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way there is much work to do before we can keep a picture forever(永远) in our mind. Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
1. We usually begin to learn our own language by______ it.
A. speaking B. hearing C. saying D. teaching
2. If you have a good______, you’ll have less difficulty in learning something.
A. teacher B. camera C. memory D. family
3. The children who live abroad with their parents can learn two languages more easily because______.
A. they are very clever
B. they have good teachers
C. they have more chances to use these languages
D. they have a better life
4.______ can take photos of what can be seen, felt, heard, smelt and tasted.
A. A camera B. Memory C. A diary D. A man’s mind
5. Memory is______ that we keep in our mind and carry about with us.
A. the best diary B. the best camera
C. a great help D. a beautiful picture
(B)
Peter lived in a small town near London. He always traveled to London for his holiday. But last year he thought, “I’ve never been to (1) countries. All my friends have been to Spain, Spain first.”
He flew to Spain and stayed in a hotel for a night. The next morning he went out for a walk. In England people drive on the left, but in Spain people drive on the right. Peter was surprised to see that, but in no time, he forgot where he was. When he was crossing the street, a bike knocked him down(2).
Peter lay on the ground for a few minutes, and when he came back to life(3), he asked， “Where am I?” An old man was selling maps at the side of the street, and he at once ran to Peter and said, “Map of city, sir?”
根据短文内容完成下面的任务:
1. 在划线(1)处填上一个适当的单词:______
2. 在短文中找出符合下列英文释义的单词｡
(1)______ to go from place to place
(2)______ a day or time of rest from work
(3)______ not ever; not at any time
(4)______ go to see sb or a place
3. 从短文中找出right away的同义词组:
(1)______(2)______
4. 写出短文中划线(2)和(3)两处句子的汉语意思:
(2)______
(3)______
5. 在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句子:
In Spain people drive on the______, but in England people drive on the______.
6. 根据短文内容回答下列问题｡
(1) How did Peter go to Spain?
(2) How long did Peter lie on the ground?
7. 根据短文内容选择正确答案｡
(1) Peter was______.
A. an Englishman B. a Frenchman
C. a German D. an American
(2) Peter was knocked down by a bike because______.
A. he knew nothing about the traffic rules in Spain
B. he was too old to cross the road
C. he thought he was still in his own country
D. the man rode the bike too fast
(3) The old man ran to Peter quickly because______.
A. he wanted to help Peter
B. he thought Peter had died
C. he had knocked Peter down
D. he wanted to sell his map
Ⅷ. 书面表达
假设你是John,你的网友George 在给你的e-mail中告诉你,他非常喜欢上网,而他父母认为中学生上网不是一件好事,不让他上网｡他很气愤｡请你根据以下提示,给他回一封e-mail, 劝慰他,并告诉他你对上网的看法｡
提示词语:get annoyed with, worry about,
surf the Internet, learn from,
on a line, Would you mind not...? hope
Key:
Ⅰ. A) 1. alone2. traffic3. umbrella4. least5. choose
6. Neither7. quite8. return9. receive10. clean
B) 1. European2. western3. Russians4. politely5. first
6. friends7. children8. suggestion9. mice10. asleep
C) 1. is interested in2. wait in line3. put out4. more than
5. run out of6. take, away7. get annoyed8. At last
9. Take care10. In order to
Ⅱ. 1-5 CCDBA6-10 DACBB11-15 ABCBD
Ⅲ. 1. What, think, of2. There, at, least3. had, a, family, dinner
4. are, friendly, to5. come, along, with
Ⅳ. CEAFHDBG
Ⅴ. 1. did, not, stop, talking2. Cross, bridge3. for, helping
4. he, this5. began, last
Ⅵ. 1-5 CBBBD6-10 AACBD
Ⅶ. A) 1-5 BCCDA
B) 1. foreign
2. (1) travel (2) holiday (3) never (4) visit
3. (1) at once (2) in no time
4. (2) 当他穿过大街的时候,一辆自行车把他撞倒了｡
(3) 当他苏醒过来的时候
5. right, left
6. (1) He went to Spain by plane / air.
(2) He lay on the ground for a few minutes.
7. (1) A (2) C (3) D
Ⅷ. One possible version:
Dear George,
You said you were unhappy. I’m very sorry to hear that. Don’t get annoyed with your parents. They are only worried about you.
I also like surfing the Internet. Is it a good thing or a bad thing? I think that depends on us ourselves. If we can learn from each other and learn some knowledge on the line, it is a good thing. So, would you mind not playing games or surfing too much on a line?
I hope you are happy and study well.
Yours,
John
1、假设A在第一象限。
解方程组y=kx与y=1/x，可得x（A）＝根号下（1/k），y（A）＝根号下k；x（C）＝-根号下（1/k），y（C）＝根号下k。
三角形ABC可以分成两个三角形：OAB和OBC，两个三角形面积都是1/2，很容易看出来。当然我们也可以通过计算获得：
比如，三角形OAB的面积＝1/2*OB*AB＝1/2*x（A）*y（A）＝1/2*根号下（1/k）*根号下k＝1/2。
三角形OBC也一样，底边OB长度也等于A的横坐标，高则是C的纵坐标的绝对值，同样可得面积为1/2。
因此，三角形ABC的面积＝1/2+1/2＝1。
2、设a>b，则a-b=120，
设最大公约数是k，并且a=mk,b=nk，
则(m-n)k=120--式1
另外，ab的最小公倍数[a,b]＝mnk，最大公约数(a,b)＝k
因此，mnk/k＝105，即
mn=105=3*5*7
下面将m、n的不同取值代入式1，看是否成立。
n＝1时，m=3*5*7，但3*5*7-1不能整除120，因此式1不成立。
n＝7时，m=3*5=15，3*5-7=8能整除120
n=5时，3*7-5=16不能整除120
n＝3时，5*7-3=32不能整除120
所以,m=3*5=15,n=7
k=120/(m-n)=120/8=15
a=mk=15*15=225
b=nk=7*15=105
所以，较大的数是225 。 1.那么假设A的坐标是(x1,y1）,C的坐标是（x2,y2）
满足式子：y1=kx1；y1=1/x1；y2=kx2；y2=1/x2
我们可以得到：kx1=1/x1 kx1*x1=1 kx2=1/x2 kx2*x2=1
三角形ABC的面积=三角形OAB的面积加上三角形OBC的面积
三角形OAB的面积=底*高/2=A的纵坐标的绝对值*(A的横坐标的绝对值)/2=x1*y1/2=kx1*x1/2=1/2
三角形OBC的面积=底*高/2=C的纵坐标的绝对值*(C的横坐标的绝对值)/2
=x2*y2/2=kx2*x2/2=1/2
所以三角形ABC的面积为1。
2.这里先把问题进行简化 不妨设a>b
我们从题意中可以得到：因为ab=最小公倍数*最大公约数
所以ab可被105整除 先证明a,b均可被3整除
否则的话a，b均不可被3整除，那么其最小公倍数也不可被3整除，与它们的最小公倍数是其最大公约数的105倍可被3整除矛盾，所以a,b均可被3整除 ；同理可以证明a,b均可被5整除。那么此时的问题就简化为
a=15x b=15y 120=a-b=15*（x-y）
a,b的最大公约数=x,y的最大公约数*15
a,b的最小公倍数=x,y的最小公倍数*15
问题变为：已知正整数x,y之差为8，它们的最小公倍数是其最大公约数的105倍，那么x,y中较大的数是
从这里我们容易看出x=7 y=15;从而有原先的a=225,b=105.
